HIV ni aldini ilishning yingi dorisi
HIV bilen yuqumlunushning aldini ilish we AIDS kisilini dawalash uchun
ilip birilghan 30 yilliq tirish jeryanida dunyagha kelgen dora Truvada
pat yiqinda FDA terripidin testiqlinip bazargha kirmekchi iken. Bu dora
HIV bilen yuqumlinishning aldini ilishta we AIDS kisilini dawalashta eng
unumluk dora bolushi, we HIV/AIDS tarixida dewir halqighuch ehmiyetke
ige bolushi mumkin dep qaralmaqta.
FDA panel backs first pill to block HIV infection
SILVER SPRING, Md. — The
first drug shown to prevent HIV infection won the endorsement of a
panel of federal advisers Thursday, clearing the way for a landmark
approval in the 30-year fight against the virus that causes AIDS.
In a move that could lead to a new milestone for treatment in the
evolution of the worldwide AIDS epidemic, the Food and Drug
Administration advisory committee voted 19-3 to endorse the drug's use
for controlling
HIV infection among the highest risk group - men who have sex with men.
The panel also approved Truvada's use for the domestic partners of
HIV-infected people and others at risk for sexual transmission, but
several members said there should be more data on the drug's efficacy to
justify its use in the wider population.
Dr. Lauren Wood of the National Cancer Institute said she voted
against all preventive applications because clinical studies did not
measure the dangers of drug-related renal problems among black people,
who are among the hardest impacted by
HIV infection and the most susceptible to kidney problems linked to AIDS drugs.
"I don't think that is adequate when you're talking about the population that is most at risk," she said.
The FDA is not required to follow the panel's advice, though it usually does. A final decision is expected by June 15.
Nearly 1.2 million Americans are infected with HIV. But clinical
research, which shows Truvada to be effective at preventing the spread
of HIV among people who take the pill daily, has raised hopes that the
United States could stem the growth of a national HIV epidemic that has
stubbornly generated 50,000 new infection cases a year for the past two
decades.
Studies showed Truvada to be more than 90 percent effective at
preventing HIV infection among test subjects who took the drug as
prescribed, but only 44 percent effective among test populations that
included intermittent use.
Stupendous harm
While panelists ultimately backed Truvada for prevention,
Thursday's 12-hour meeting highlighted a number of concerns created by
the first drug to prevent HIV. In particular, the panel debated whether
Truvada might lead to reduced use of condoms, the most reliable defense
against HIV. The experts also questioned the drug's effectiveness in
women, who have shown much lower rates of protection in studies.
"If taken, it works," Dr. John Mellors, chief of the infections
diseases division at the University of Pittsburgh, who spoke as part of
Gilead's presentation.
"Existing interventions have not reduced the number of new infections annually and new measures are needed," he said.
But panel members expressed concern about prospective FDA guidelines
that call for education and training for prescribing physicians but
avoid basic restrictions on the availability of the treatment.
Some said drug recipients should be required to undergo regular
HIV screening
to them from becoming HIV positive while taking the treatment and
unknowingly passing drug-resistant HIV strains to their sexual partners.
"The potential for harm here is stupendous. If we were not to pay
attention to that, we would have the potential as an advisory committee
to do more harm than good," said panel chairwoman, Dr. Judith Feinberg
of the University of Cincinnati College of
Medicine.
The committee voted after hearing from nearly three-dozen public
witnesses from HIV community activists, who warned that the drug's
promise could backfire by discouraging the use of condoms and offering
false hope to healthy people unlikely put up with side-effects in order
to maintain the daily dosage.
Some witnesses expressed concern that Truvada's $14,000 a year price
tag could encourage the healthy to treat it as "a party drug" for
weekend use, raising the danger of increasing HIV drug resistance and
making the treatment harder to obtain for people who are infected with
HIV.
"They'll take the drug when they think they need it," said Dr.
Catherine Chien, who like many of the meeting's 38 public witnesses
works with the nonprofit AIDS Healthcare Foundation, a global
organization that says it helps nearly 170,000 HIV and AIDS sufferers.
"This will lead to higher rates of HIV infection and higher rates of HIV drug resistance," she said.
Half a dozen public witnesses endorsed Truvada for preventive use,
some saying it would protect people in high-risk groups whose sexual
partners are unwilling to use condoms.
"Today is an exciting day for HIV prevention," Dr. Kenneth Mayer of
the nonprofit Fenway Institute said after the committee voted.
"Although (Truvada) is not a panacea, this approach can prevent many
new infections and could dramatically impact HIV transmission
worldwide," he said.
Some panel members, concerned about the danger of drug resistance,
urged the FDA to restrict the availability of Truvada as a preventive
measures by requiring prescribing physicians to certify through results
that their patients are not infected by HIV when they start taking the
drug.
Other panel members replied that the practice would be recommended
but that requiring such a restriction could pose a burden and prevent
HIV patients who need Truvada to manage their infections from getting
the drug.
FDA officials also said restrictions could be easily circumvented because the drug is also sold to HIV infected patients.
